ACADEMIC SOCIAL RESOURCES JOURNAL, Year 2026 Issue Cilt 11 Sayı 3

The Investigation of Teachers Bıophilia Levels in Terms of Different Variables

Dilan Kaya Durna Meltem Akın Kösterelioğlu — 2026-07-04

In this study, it is aimed to examine the biophilia levels of teachers working in different branches in terms of different variables. The research was conducted using the survey method, which is a quantitative research method. The sample of the study consists of 321 teachers working in different geographical regions of Turkey and in different branches in the 2022-2023 academic year. The “Biophilia Scale” developed by Sefalı and Özay Köse (2022) was used to obtain the data. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS 22 package program according to teachers' biophilia levels, age, gender, professional seniority, branch and teaching level variables. As a result of the study, it was seen that Factor 1 had the highest mean while Factor 4 had the lowest mean, that is, the factor with the highest mean was level III while the factor with the lowest mean was level IV; while there was a significant difference between biophilia levels and gender and branch variables, there was no significant difference based on professional seniority, age and education level variables.

Greek and Armenian Community Schools in the Sanjak of Tekfurdağı in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries

Elif Baksı Çevik — 2026-07-04

Located on the coast of the Sea of Marmara, the port city of Tekfurdağı became one of the important centers of the late Ottoman period due to its proximity to Istanbul and its strategic position on land and maritime transportation networks. As one of the sanjaks of the Edirne Province, its multi-component demographic structure was among the main factors influencing the development of educational institutions in the city. This study examines the Greek Orthodox and Armenian community schools operating in the Sanjak of Tekfurdağı in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Following the Tanzimat reforms, regulations in education provided a legal framework for the activities of non-Muslim communities, facilitating the expansion of community schools in the provinces. The demographic composition of the sanjak and the changes reflecting the city’s social and cultural transformation made Tekfurdağı a noteworthy center of this process. The study aims to reveal the institutional structures, educational levels, and development processes of Greek Orthodox and Armenian community schools in the sanjak. The main sources consist of documents from the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry, the Edirne Provincial Yearbooks (Salnames), and the Education Yearbooks (Maarif Salnames), supported by secondary literature. Based on these sources, the number of non-Muslim schools, their educational levels, and student and teacher staff have been identified. In addition, the financial resources, licensing procedures, and physical development of the schools were examined to evaluate the central administration’s approach to educational institutions. The findings provide a general framework for understanding the establishment, development, and educational activities of Greek Orthodox and Armenian community schools in the Sanjak of Tekfurdağı.

Evaluation of the Constitutional Court's Decision Dated December 23, 2015 (Case no. 2015/15, Decision no. 2015/118) from the Perspective of Trademark Law

Muhammed Selim Pehlivanlı — 2026-07-04

Trademark law is a field that encompasses both private and public law dimensions due to its role in regulating economic life and ensuring consumer protection. This multidimensional nature necessitates the compatibility of trademark law regulations with constitutional principles. The decision of the Turkish Constitutional Court dated 23 December 2015 (E.2015/15,K.2015/118) contains significant assessments regarding the constitutional review of trademark registration provisions. In the decision, trademark rights are associated with constitutionally protected property rights, and fundamental trademark law concepts such as distinctiveness, likelihood of confusion, andregistration barriers are examined within the framework of the rule of law andlegal certainty. This article analyzes the intersections between the decision and the structural principles of trademark law and evaluates its impact on doctrine and judicial practice.

Large Bodies In Visual Representations: Archaeological Reflections Of Mother Goddess Figures

Taylan Mintaş Ayça Tufan Baknalı — 2026-07-04

Mother Goddess figures are archaeological artifacts that provide significant insights into the belief systems, cultural values, and social structures of human societies since prehistoric times. These figures are typically depicted with exaggerated features and large bodies. As visual representations of prehistoric periods, Mother Goddess figures serve as important sources for understanding the aesthetic perception of the human body and the cultural values of the era. The large bodies of these figures are associated with concepts such as fertility and abundance, while archaeological findings reveal their impact on social structures and belief systems. This research aims to explore the visual representations of Mother Goddess figures and their archaeological reflections, focusing on the relationship between these figures and the social and cultural dynamics of the period as expressed through their large bodies. Conducted as a qualitative research study with a descriptive approach, the research examines relevant examples. The findings illustrate how the human body has been perceived as an aesthetic object throughout art history. In particular, the study emphasizes figurines produced during the Upper Paleolithic period, referred to as the Classical Venus Phase. Notable examples such as the Hohle Fels Venus and the Willendorf Venus are significant representations of the artistic understanding and body representations of this period. This study evaluates these figurines from a chronological perspective, providing descriptive analyses of each. In this context, the concepts embodied by the figures—Mother Goddess, fertility, and abundance—are highlighted, emphasizing their place and importance in human history. Thus, the analyses of the bodies of the examined figures help us understand how the body was perceived in the early periods of human history and the effects of this perception on social structures.

Criminal Responsibility of Heads of State and the Situation in Mongolia

Enkhtuvshin Nergui — 2026-07-04

This study examines the concept of the criminal responsibility of the head of state from a holistic perspective encompassing theoretical, constitutional, and criminal law dimensions, and comparatively analyzes its implementation in parliamentary and presidential systems. The primary objective of the research is to define and examine the criminal responsibility of the head of state (President) in Mongolia within the framework of the responsibility mechanisms stipulated in Article 35 and the immunity provisions regulated in Article 36 of the 1992 Constitution.

Within the scope of the research, the extent of the head of state's immunity is distinguished on the basis of the principles of ratione personae and ratione materiae. Furthermore, the types of responsibility arising from official and personal crimes, the characteristics of criminal procedure in these processes, and, in particular, special procedures similar to impeachment are analyzed in detail. Additionally, contradictions in legal regulations, institutional weaknesses, and practical challenges encountered in these processes are examined in light of concrete examples and case studies.

Furthermore, the study focuses on the interaction and coordination between national constitutional law and international criminal law, examining how the duties and responsibilities undertaken by Mongolia as a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court may conflict with or align with the traditional doctrine of head of state immunity. In particular, addressing the tension between international accountability requirements and national immunity principles at both theoretical and practical levels constitutes a key original contribution of the study.

This study, based on qualitative research methods, employs document analysis, comparative legal methods, and case analysis techniques. The findings aim to support a clearer and more systematic understanding of the issue of the criminal responsibility of the head of state in Mongolia's parliamentary system, while also contributing to national legal scholarship, enhancing understanding of immunity and responsibility, and presenting new proposals and conclusions of both theoretical and practical importance.

Determination of In-Service Training Needs of Special Education Class Teachers

Hüseyin GüvenBayram Günay ,Ayşe Kanay — 2026-07-04

This research was conducted to identify the in-service training needs of teachers working in special education classrooms to ensure their continuous professional development. The study examined the gap between teachers' current competencies and the subjects they wish to develop across various professional and demographic variables. Results indicate that teachers have an intensive demand for training in specialized areas such as intervention strategies for students with speech and language difficulties, management of problem behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, and sexual education. Conversely, it was observed that teachers feel more competent in areas such as the theoretical foundations of special education, general characteristics of disability types, and inclusion practices, reporting a lower level of training demand in these subjects. Variables such as professional experience and employment status play a decisive role in training needs; specifically, novice teachers and personnel from non-special education backgrounds require more comprehensive guidance. Additionally, it was concluded that female teachers exhibit a higher awareness and desire for development in topics such as privacy education, which covers the social adaptation and personal safety of students. The findings suggest that future in-service training activities should be designed as practice-oriented and specialized modules focused on resolving the direct challenges teachers face in the classroom rather than general content.

Rural Settlement in Upper Çukurova (Osmaniye) in the Sixteenth Century

İbrahim Polat Emin Toroğlu — 2026-07-04

This article examines the structure, transformation, and spatial distribution of rural settlement in Upper Çukurova, within the borders of present-day Osmaniye, from the perspective of historical geography. The main framework of the study is shaped by the fact that this area was divided between the sanjaks of Adana and Kars-ı Maraş within the Ottoman administrative system. This administrative division is significant because it allows the comparison of different settlement trajectories within the same geographical basin. The study is based on village, mezra, and nomadic community records from the subdistricts of Kınık, Karamanlu Yakası, Haruniye, Bayındır, Savrun, and Sinbas. The data were compiled from the tahrir registers dated 1525, 1547, 1563, and 1572, together with the no. 998 accounting register dated 1530, and were evaluated through topographic maps, satellite imagery, and GIS techniques. The findings indicate that mezra settlements constituted the principal component of the rural settlement pattern in the study area. In the first comparative section, 58 villages and 329 mezras were identified, whereas in the second section these figures rose to 66 villages and 366 mezras. The transformation of some settlements from village to mezra, and others from mezra to village, demonstrates that rural units were not fixed categories but were reshaped by environmental conditions, production patterns, nomadic mobility, and administrative arrangements. While the number of villages declined in Kınık, the increase in mezra-to-village transformation in the Kars-ı Maraş sector points to distinct settlement patterns within the same basin. The localization of a substantial part of these settlements on the modern geographical surface also makes it possible to interpret the relationship between rural settlement patterns and plains, valleys, and foothill zones. In this respect, the study offers a comparative historical-geographical framework for understanding settlement continuity, status change, and spatial differentiation in sixteenth-century Upper Çukurova.

The Artist at the Disciplinary Border — On the Productivity of the Stranger's Eye Among Artists Who Change

Ayşenur Ceren Asmaz — 2026-07-04

This study examines the formative influence of discipline-based fine arts education in Turkey on artistic identity, and theorizes the paradoxical position experienced by artists who transition from one material and discipline to another. In Turkey's faculty structure, each department constitutes an autonomous field with its own curriculum, studio tradition, and evaluation criteria. Artists are shaped within this field, and their identity becomes largely identified with a specific material. Yet artistic practice does not always conform to these boundaries; many artists eventually move beyond the discipline in which they were trained.

The study theorizes this phenomenon through Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and field, Simmel's figure of the stranger, Ingold's notion of thinking through making, Sennett's conceptualization of the intelligent hand and embodied practice, and Polanyi's theory of tacit knowledge. The central argument is as follows: the artist who transitions to a different material occupies a position that exists within the new field yet does not fully belong to it. This position corresponds to Simmel's figure of the stranger and simultaneously generates both creative distance and a crisis of legitimacy. The stranger's capacity for distinctive vision — freedom from convention, the ability to ask unasked questions — can only be transformed into genuine productivity when a sufficient depth of engagement with the primary material has been achieved. The cases of Picasso, Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu, Füreya Koral, Alev Ebüzziya Siesbye, and İlgi Adalan are examined as illustrative examples of this argument.

The Concept Of Stalking And Regulatory Provisions Regarding Stalking In Turkish Law

Yusuf Gündüz — 2026-07-04

The pace that technology has reached in the modern era has brought with it an interaction network unprecedented in any period of human history. While the diversification of communication tools and the integration of digital platforms into daily life eliminate distances between individuals on paper, they also bring about new and complex security problems. Chief among these issues is the phenomenon of 'Stalking,' which has been frequently discussed in both social and legal contexts in recent years. Although stalking can at first glance be masked as a simple display of admiration, interest, or actions aimed at gaining information about the other party, it is essentially a systematic form of harassment that restricts the victim's freedom, targets their psychological integrity, and narrows their living space. Unlike traditional crime types, the fact that it is a series of processes spread over time rather than a single momentary act and that stalking can ultimately lead to the commission of other, more severe crimes such as intentional homicide has made it mandatory to address this phenomenon under an independent heading in criminal law doctrine. This concept, which has found a place in comparative law and international conventions, has also been attempted to be established on a legal ground in Turkish law, albeit with some delay. This study will provide definitions of the concept of stalking and its everyday usage, offer comparisons with similar concepts such as violence, mobbing, bullying, and cyberbullying, and provide information regarding the regulations on stalking in the Turkish legal system.

The Basra School of Hadith: Early Methodological Practices and Foundational Contributions

Ali Çelik — 2026-07-04

This study examines the foundational practices and methodological innovations contributed to the literature by the muhaddithun (hadith scholars) who flourished in the Basra region during the formation and development process of Hadith science. Basra rapidly evolved into one of the most dynamic scholarly centers of the period within the Islamic geography, which was founded during the prophetic era and expanded through early conquests. Scholars belonging to the generations of the sahaba (companions), tabi'un (successors), and atba' al-tabi'in (successors of the successors) who settled in the city assumed a pioneering role in the preservation, criticism, classification, and transmission of hadith narrations to subsequent generations. In this institutionalization process, the initial conceptualizations of core hadith terminology such as isnad (chain of transmitters), hasan (acceptable/good hadith), mursal (hurried/loose chain), and tadlis (obfuscation of a narrator), as well as the systematization of jarh and ta'dil (criticism and validation of narrators) activities, were directly shaped by the scholarly endeavors of the Basran muhaddithun. Furthermore, in terms ofhadith reception and transmission methods (tahammul and ada), narrator evaluation criteria, and early periods of compilation movements, the Basra school attained a constitutive position in the shaping of Hadith methodology (usul al-hadith). Consequently, this research aims to identify the unique and foundational contributions provided by Basran traditionists to hadith methodology by systematically gathering these scattered early practices from classical sources. Indeed, determining the role of the region's ulama during the age of narration is essential for a holistic understanding of hadith history.

Specifıcally Regarding The Kanun Sazı: A Literature Review Focused On Academic Graduate Research

Müzeyyen İlkim Duydukoğlu — 2026-07-04

As part of this study, which was designed to present an overview of the academic and pedagogical literature on the kanun, the available literature—comprising kanun performance, kanun education, kanun performers, articles, graduate theses, and conference papers—was examined using the meta-analysis method. The aim was to provide a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the field’s literature. To determine the scope and distribution of studies in the field of kanun, a total of 130 written sources were evaluated; these sources were analyzed in terms of author distribution, the historical distribution of studies, cities of publication, publication types, subject headings, institutions, and primary art disciplines. Additionally, the types of research employed, data collection and processing methods, and the methodological approaches used were examined in detail within the scope of this study. The findings indicate that studies in the field of law have focused on certain topics, while others have been addressed to a more limited extent. This situation is particularly significant in terms of revealing the current state of academic production in the field of law. Thus, the research approaches in the literature, the methodological approaches employed, the data collection processes, and the aspects considered lacking in these studies have been outlined in general terms through a meta-analysis. By presenting a descriptive framework of the existing literature, the general structural landscape of the field has also been revealed. In this context, the findings obtained