Author :
Abstract
Bu makale, toplumsal sorunlar karşısında sanatın etkin gücüne dair, günümüz önemli sorulanlarından mülteci krizi karşısında İngiliz sokak sanatçısı Banksy’ın sanatı üzerinden araştırmalarda bulunmaktadır. Geçmişi çok eskilere dayanan mülteci krizi, her geçen gün büyümekte ve çözümü tükenen bir insanlık sorunu haline gelmiştir. Geçmişte belirli sınırlar içerisinde yaşanan mülteci krizi, küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle günümüzde artık tüm ulusların zorunlu ortak bir sorunu olmuş ve birçok ülkeyi doğrudan etkileyen uluslararası bir mesele halini almıştır. Siyasi, coğrafi, ekonomik ve sosyal gibi birçok alanı dolaylı ve doğrudan ilgilendiren bu kriz, sıklıkla ele alınmaktadır. Elbette ki toplumu birçok alanda derinden etkileyen bu soruna sanat da duyarsız kalamamıştır. Tarih boyunca her dönemde toplumsal sorunları ele alan sanat, günümüzün önemli problemlerinden biri olan mülteci krizi konusunda da toplumsal sorumluluğunu yerine getiren, sorunu ve çözümüne yönelik etkileri görsel kayıtlara dökerek gelecek nesle aktaracak önemli tarihi kayıtlar bırakmaktadır. Bu kapsamda sanatçı Banksy’ın çalışmaları büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Toplum hafızasında sanatın yalnızca görsel kültür çerçevesinde, yaptırımcı gücü olmayan bir alan olarak görülmemesi gerektiğini Bansy’in eleştirel, provakatif, yapıcı ve yaptırımcı işleri üzerinden bir kanıtlamaya gidilmiştir. İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde mültecilere vaat edilen haklar ile günümüz yönetimlerin gerçeğe dönüştürdükleri haklar arasında ciddi bir boşluk oluşmuştur. BM gibi organların yetkililerinin mülteci kitlelere yönelik zayıf uygulamaları, dünya devletlerinin sorunu görmezden gelmesi, toplumların ırkçı tutumları gibi etkenler neticesinde mülteci sorunu özellikle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren büyük bir krize dönüşmüştür. Uluslararası platformda gerçekleştirdiği eylemsel işleriyle mülteci krizine dikkatleri çeken Banksy, kendine özgü hicivli ve politik mizahla gerçekleştirdiği işleri ile günümüzün en büyük insani krizine ışık tutmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
This article researches the art of the British street artist Banksy in the face of the refugee crisis, one of the most important problems of today, regarding the effective power of art in the face of social problems. The refugee crisis, which dates back to ancient times, is growing day by day and has become a humanitarian problem whose solution is exhausted. The refugee crisis, which was experienced within certain borders in the past, has now become a compulsory common problem of all nations, with the effect of globalization, and has become an international issue that directly affects many countries. This crisis, which indirectly and directly concerns many areas such as political, geographical, economic and social, is frequently addressed. Of course, art could not remain indifferent to this problem, which deeply affects society in many areas. Art, which has dealt with social problems in every period throughout history, also fulfills its social responsibility in the refugee crisis, which is one of the most important problems of our time, and leaves important historical records that will transfer the problem and the effects of its solution to the next generation by visualizing it. In this context, the works of the artist Banksy are of great importance. It was aimed to prove through Banksy's critical, provocative, constructive, and sanctioning works that art should not only be seen as an area that has no sanctioning power within the framework of visual culture in community memory. There is a serious gap between the rights promised to refugees in the Convention on Human Rights and the rights realized by today's administrations.
As a result of factors such as the weak practices of the authorities like UN towards the refugee masses, the ignorance of the problem by the world states, and the racist attitudes of the societies, the refugee problem has turned into a major crisis, especially since the 2000s.
Banksy draws attention to the refugee crisis with his actional work on the international platform and sheds light on today's greatest humanitarian crisis with his work with his own satirical and political humor.
Keywords
- 1. Aggarwal, R. (6 January 2017). Banksy's Latest Mural Critiques Calais' Treatment of Refugees. Culture Trip. Access date: 02.05.2021. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/articles/banksys-latest-muralcritiques-calais-treatment-of-refugees/
- 2. Akram, S. M. (2018). The Search for Protection for Stateless Refugees in the Middle East: Palestinians and Kurds in Lebanon and Jordan. International Journal of Refugee Law, Volume 30, Issue 3, October 2018, Pages 407–443. DOI: 10.1093/ijrl/eey044
- 3. Art Republic. Banksy Reworks Balloon Girl Image to Mark 3rd Year of Syrian Conflict. Access date: 02.05.2021. https://artrepublic.com/blogs/blog/391-banksy-reworks-balloon-girl-image-to-mark-3rd-year-of-syrian-conflicthtml
- 4. BBC. Banksy auctions refugee paintings for £2.2m to aid Bethlehem hospital. Access date: 06.05.2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-53564953
- 5. Bengtsen, P. (2016). Hijacking Banksy : using a contemporary art mystery to increase academic readership. Street Art & Urban Creativity Scientific Journal, 2(1). p.60-66.
- 6. Bullen, R. (2010). Refining the Past. The British Journal of Aesthetics, Volume 50, Issue 3, July 2010, Pages 243–254. DOI: 10.1093/aesthj/ayq019.
- 7. Crisp, J. (2018). A Global Academic Network on Refugees: Some Unanswered Questions. International Journal of Refugee Law, Volume 30, Issue 4, December 2018, Pages 640–642. DOI: 10.1093/ijrl/eey050
- 8. Field, J. R. C. (2010). Bridging the Gap Between Refugee Rights and Reality: A Proposal for Developing International Duties in the Refugee Context. International Journal of Refugee Law, Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 512–557. DOI: 10.1093/ijrl/eeq035
- 9. Hurriyet Daily News. Banksy needles France with migrant mural blitz in Paris. Access date: 02.05.2021. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/banksy-needles-france-with-migrant-mural-blitz-in-paris-133774
- 10. Leon, S. (12 December 2018). Banksy To Raffle Dismaland Sculpture Bid Starts at £2. Untitled Magazine. Access date: 02.05.2021. https://untitled-magazine.com/banksy-to-raffle-dismaland-sculpture-bid-starts-at-2/
- 11. Neuendorf, H. (14 December 2015). Banksy Paints Steve Jobs in Latest Work Addressing Refugee Crisis. Artnet. Access date: 02.05.2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-calais-artwork-steve-jobs-392042
- 12. O’Connor, R. (26 July 2020). Banksy donates refugee crisis paintings worth £1.2m to Bethlehem hospital charity auction. Independent. Access date: 02.05.2021. https://www.independent.co.uk/artsentertainment/art/news/banksy-refugee-crisis-paintings-donate-hospital-auction-a9638611.html
- 13. Rea, N. (25 June 2018). Banksy Takes Aim at France’s Callous Response to the Refugee Crisis With Poignant Murals in Paris. Artnet. Access date: 02.05.2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-paris-1308641
- 14. Street Art Bio. Banksy. Access date: 27.05.2021. https://www.streetartbio.com/artists/banksy/
- 15. Waddoups, R. (8 September 2020). The Story Behind Banksy’s Pink Refugee Rescue Boat. Surface. Access date: 02.05.2021. https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/banksy-migration-boat-louise-michel/
- 16. Wessel, J. S. (2016). On Border Subjects: Rethinking the Figure of the Refugee and the Undocumented Migrant. Constellations, 23 (1):46-57. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8675.12182
