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Abstract
Health is one of the most fundamental rights of individuals. People expect the protection of their right to health by the country of which they are citizens. The protection of health rights is directly related to the functioning of the healthcare system in a country. Therefore, for the effective delivery of healthcare services, the healthcare system must operate efficiently. In order for the healthcare system to function properly and effectively, expenditures in this field are necessary, and these expenditures must be adequately financed. Moreover, one of the indicators that reflect the development level of countries is healthcare expenditure, which is associated with resolving the health problems of citizens and establishing a reliable healthcare system. Healthcare expenditures are essential for the provision of healthcare services. The provision of such services entails various costs, including personnel expenses, medical equipment, and the construction and maintenance of healthcare facilities such as clinics and hospitals. To cover these expenses and to enable such expenditures to be made by governmental authorities or the private sector, financing of healthcare spending becomes crucial. In this context, the aim of the study is to highlight the significance of healthcare expenditures and to provide an evaluation of how these expenditures are financed. Accordingly, the study examines in detail the factors influencing healthcare spending and the methods of financing these expenditures. It has been identified that healthcare expenditures are financed through market-based mechanisms, public economy instruments, and integrated financing systems. In the financing of healthcare expenditures through these mechanisms, instruments such as out-of-pocket payments, private health insurance, taxation, and compulsory insurance, as well as interventions by both the market and the public sector, are utilized.
